META BACK-END DEVELOPER PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATE

Course 1 – Introduction to Back-End Development

Week 1: Get Started with Web Development

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CONTENT

In this module, you will learn about the different types of web developers and the roles and responsibilities of front-end, back-end, and full-stack developers. You will take a first look at the core technologies of HTML, CSS, and Javascript and explore the concepts that underpin how the internet works.

Learning Objectives

  • Describe the web developer job role
  • Distinguish between front-end, back-end, and full-stack developers
  • Explain how data moves through the internet
  • Describe the technologies that underpin the internet

KNOWLEDGE CHECK – HOW THE WEB WORKS

1. In the client/server model, your device is a ____________________.

  • Client (CORRECT)
  • Server

Correct: That’s correct! Your device is a client which connects to servers on the Internet.

2. The website address that you type in your web browser to navigate to a website is called a ____________________.

  • Client name
  • HTTP
  • Domain name (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! The domain name is the website address you use to navigate to a website.

3. Servers are typically stored in a building called a ____________________.

  • DHCP Center
  • Data Center (CORRECT)
  • DNS Server

Correct: That’s correct! A data center is a building designed to host servers.

4. The physical components of a server are called the ____________________.

  • Hardware (CORRECT)
  • Software

Correct: That’s correct! Hardware refers to the physical components.

5. The purpose of a web server is to ____________________.

  • Receive requests from a web browser and to respond with the correct content for that request. (CORRECT)
  • Request content from a web browser and receive the response.
  • Receive web pages and display them in the web browser.

Correct: That’s correct! A web server receives and responds to requests from a web browser.

6.True or False. A website can consist of multiple web pages linked together.

  • True (CORRECT)
  • False

Correct: That’s correct! A website consists of several web pages linked together.

7. The links you click on in your web browser are known as ____________________.

  • Server links
  • Data links
  • Hyperlinks (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! Hyperlinks are links or references to other HTML documents.

8. Which of these are the 3 main technologies of the web browser? Select all that apply.

  • C#
  • HTML (CORRECT)
  • JavaScript (CORRECT)
  • CSS (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! HTML is the structure of a web page.

Correct: That’s correct! JavaScript executes the logic of websites such as processing, click events and animating elements.

Correct: That’s correct! CSS is used to define the visual styling of a web page.

9. When you run a website on the cloud, the website is restricted to one physical server.

  • True
  • False (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! The cloud allows you to run your website across multiple virtual and physical servers.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK – THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

1. When sending a message to another computer, the source and destination are specified using  ________________.

  • a Domain Name
  • a Web Server
  • an IP Address (CORRECT)

Correct: Well done. The source and destination of an IP packet are specified using an IP address.

2. Which of the following are valid IP addresses? Select all that apply.

  • 192.0.2.235 (CORRECT)
  • example.com
  • 4527:0db8:0a00:1567:0200:ff00:0042:8329 (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct – this an IP address for protocol version 4

Correct: Correct – this is an IP address for protocol version 6

3. When using TCP, data can arrive out of order.

  • True
  • False (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct – TCP ensures data arrives without data loss and in order.

4. Which of the following are valid HTTP methods? Select all that apply.

  • SEND
  • GET (CORRECT)
  • POST (CORRECT)
  • DELETE (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct – GET is used to retrieve data from the server.

Correct: Correct – POST is used to send data to the server.

Correct: Correct – DELETE is used to delete data on the server.

5. HTML describes the structure and content of a web page.

  • False
  • True (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct – HTML uses markup tags to describe the structure and content of a web page.

6. When you type a website address (for example, coursera.org) in your web browser, which protocol is used to find the IP address of the website?

  • Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • Domain Name System Protocol (DNS) (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct – The DNS protocol will return the IP address for a domain name.

7. A web application is more ________________ compared to a website.

  • Informative
  • Interactive (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct – Web applications are interactive, for example, using a web app to find local restaurants.

SELF REVIEW: EXAMINE THE PAGE

1. What is the value of the ID attribute for the Little Lemon logo?

  • logo
  • logo1 (CORRECT)
  • lemon
  • little

Correct: That’s correct! The HTML defined the ID attribute value as logo1.

KNOWLEDGE CHECK – CORE INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

1. Which of the following can be done using the developer tools in your browser? Select all that apply.

  • Upload images to the web server
  • Inspect the HTML elements of a web page. (CORRECT)
  • Check JavaScript error logs. (CORRECT)
  • Inspect a timeline of HTTP requests and responses. (CORRECT)
  • Inspect the performance and memory usage of a webpage. (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! The Elements tab of the web browser’s developer tools allows you to inspect the HTML of a web page.

Correct: That’s correct! JavaScript error logs will be output in the Console tab of the web browser’s developer tools.

Correct: That’s correct! The Network tab of the web browser’s developer tools allows you to inspect the timeline of HTTP requests and responses.

Correct: That’s correct! The Performance and Memory tabs of the web browser’s developer tools allow you to inspect how the web browser is performing while displaying your web page.

2. In software development, a library provides _________________________.

  • Reusable pieces of code that can be used by your application. (CORRECT)
  • A structure for developers to build an application with.

Correct: That’s correct! Libraries help you to be more efficient while developing your application by providing you with reusable code.

3. In software development, an API is _________________________.

  • a set of functions that an application component or service can provide. (CORRECT)
  • a text editor to write code with.

Correct:  That’s correct! As a developer you’ll use APIs to interact with application components and services.

4. Which of the following are benefits of using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Visual Studio Code? Select all that apply.

  • Autodelete
  • Syntax Highlighting (CORRECT)
  • Error Highlighting (CORRECT)
  • Autocomplete (CORRECT)
  • IntelliSense (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! IDEs will highlight keywords in programming languages for you.

Correct: That’s correct! IDEs will display syntax errors for you.

Correct: That’s correct! IDEs will suggest code while you type.

Correct: That’s correct – IDEs will help you rename functions and change function parameters throughout your application.

MODULE QUIZ: GET STARTED WITH WEB DEVELOPMENT

1. When two computers connect directly to each other, this forms  ______________.

  • the Internet
  • a Network (CORRECT)
  • a Server

Correct: Good job! When two computers connect directly to each other, this forms a network. 

2. The programs that run on a computer are called the ______________.

  • Hardware
  • Software (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! The programs and services that run on a computer are the software.

3. The structure of a web page is defined using ______________.

  • HTML (CORRECT)
  • CSS
  • JavaScript

Correct: That’s correct! HTML defines the structure and content of a web page.

4. The style of a web page is defined using ______________.

  • HTML
  • CSS (CORRECT)
  • JavaScript

Correct: That’s correct! CSS defines how HTML elements are displayed on a web page.

5. Computers communicate with each other using which protocol?

  • Network Protocol
  • Mail Protocol
  • Mobile Protocol
  • Internet Protocol (CORRECT)

6. To communicate with another computer on a network, your computer sends a message called an __________________.

  • IP Packet (CORRECT)
  • IP Mail
  • IP Container

7. The web browser and web server use which protocol to transfer data?

  • DNS
  • SMTP
  • HTTP (CORRECT)
  • IMAP

Correct: That’s correct! HTTP is used to transfer HTML documents, images and files to the web browser.

8. In software development, a framework provides a structure for developers to build an application.

  • True (CORRECT)
  • False

Correct: Good job! Frameworks allow developers to build applications quicker by providing a structure to build with.

9. As a developer, it is best to use a _____________ to write and maintain code.

  • Word Processor
  • Integrated Development Environment (CORRECT)
  • Web Browser
  • Development Book

Correct: That’s correct! You will use an Integrated Development Environment to effectively and efficiently write and maintain code.

10. In software development, an API is a set of functions that an application component or service can provide.

  • True (CORRECT)
  • False

Correct: Good job! As a developer you will interact with many APIs while developing applications.

11. A network is made up of at least two devices that connect and communicate via a wired or wireless connection. One network switch can connect to another switch to link two networks.

  • True (CORRECT)
  • False

Correct: That’s correct! Not only can two network switches be connected, but multiple ones can be connected to form an interconnected network like the internet.

12. A server is a computer that runs applications and services, ranging from websites to instant messaging. You have just learned about a web server which is a specific type of server. Which of the following statements are true? Choose all that apply.

  • Web servers don’t perform email management.
  • A web server can function as website storage and administration. (CORRECT)
  • A web server can handle security. (CORRECT)
  • Web servers can handle thousands of requests from clients per second.  (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! Web servers have multiple functions and this is just two of them. They can also handle security and manage emails.

Correct: That’s correct! Web servers have multiple functions and this is just one of them. They can also function as website storage and administration and manage emails.

Correct: That’s correct! Web servers have to be able to handle high volumes of web requests.

13. Which of the following technologies is used to structure content on a webpage?

  • HTML (CORRECT)
  • CSS
  • JavaScript

Correct: That’s correct. HTML is used to structure content on a webpage.    

14. True or false: A web browser is a software application that you use to browse the world wide web.

  • False
  • True (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct. A web browser is a software application that you use to browse the world wide web.     

15. True or false: Cloud hosting uses a combination of physical and virtual servers?

  • False
  • True (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct. Cloud hosting uses a combination of physical and virtual servers.

16. Is the following statement true or false? The payload part of IP packets supports multiple protocols to make sure that information arrives as expected. Two of these are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). UDP is used to send data that must arrive correctly and in order.

  • True
  • False (CORRECT)

Correct: That is correct! TCP is used for data that must arrive correctly and in order. This is because TCP can deal with data packets arriving out of order, becoming damaged or corrupted, or dropped or lost albeit at the cost of a small delay.

17. Which of the following web resources can be transferred using HTTP? Select all that apply.

  • HTML Documents (CORRECT)
  • Images (CORRECT)
  • Files (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct! HTML Documents are transferred from the web server to the web browser using HTTP.

Correct: Correct! Images are transferred to and from the web server using HTTP.

Correct: Correct! Files are transferred to and from the web server using HTTP.

18. In the first example of a digital clock, which type of file ensured that the display updated with the correct time?

  • The HTML file
  • The CSS file
  • The JavaScript file (CORRECT)

Correct: Correct. When referenced by the HTML file, the JavaScript code controls the functioning of the clock.

19. Think of your favorite interactive map, social media site or video content site. What features and functionality do you think web applications provide to their users?  Select all that apply.

  • Personalized content. (CORRECT)
  • A high level of interactivity. (CORRECT)
  • Dynamically updated content. (CORRECT)

Correct: Yes, in comparison to a standard website a web application is more dynamic, interactive, and personalized.

20. As a developer, there are several web browser developer tools available to you. For example, there is a console tab that outputs JavaScript logs and errors from a web application. Which of the following statements are true? Choose all that apply.     

  • The Performance tab shows all of the information from all of the different tabs in one place.
  • The Sources tab shows all content resolved for the current page. (CORRECT)
  • The Network tab allows you to inspect the timeline and details of HTTP requests and responses for a webpage. (CORRECT)
  • The Memory tab displays the parts of your code that are consuming the most resources. (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! The Sources tab includes HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images and videos.    

Correct: That’s correct! The Network tab is an important and useful developer tool.   

Correct: That’s correct! This feature helps you to identify if and where your code needs improvement.  

21. To reduce development time, developers use libraries in their application development. What’s the main feature of a library? 

  • Reusable pieces of code. (CORRECT)
  • A structure for developers to build with.

Correct: That’s right! A library supplies reusable pieces of code that you can use in your application instead of you having to re-create the required code.

22. You are building a website with a team of developers. The team lead refers to APIs as gateways. Is this a correct use of terminology?

  • Yes (CORRECT)
  • No

Correct; Yes, APIs are also known as gateways or middleware because they act as a bridge between systems.

23. An integrated development environment, or IDE, is software for building applications. This kind of software application has many different features to help you as a developer. Which of the following statements are true? Choose all that apply.   

  • Refactoring is a process that changes the structure and functionality of the code.
  • Special keywords of the programming language are highlighted in different colors to make the code easier to read. (CORRECT)
  • IDEs have a feature called Error Highlighting. (CORRECT)
  • IDEs have a feature that can detect variables and functions and offer them as suggestions during autocomplete. (CORRECT)

Correct: That’s correct! To improve readability for developers, IDEs have syntax highlighting.   

Correct: That’s correct! Just like checking spelling in a text document, IDEs can highlight mistakes you make in your code.   

Correct: That’s correct! This feature is called IntelliSense.

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