Course 6 Week 3 Data informed decision making

Course 4 – Project Execution: Running the Project QUIZ ANSWERS

Week 3: Data-Informed Decision-Making

Google Project Management: Professional Certificate

Coursera Answers & Study Guide

Data-Informed Decision-Making INTRODUCTION

Data-informed decision-making is a critical component of successful project management, and it is the focus of Module 4 of Coursera’s Google Project Management: Professional Certificate program. In this module, you will acquire fundamental data gathering and analysis knowledge to inform your decisions.

In addition, you will learn how to apply data analytics to real-world scenarios, including prioritizing projects based on predictive market insights and understanding trends in customer behavior. Finally, you will have the opportunity to practice visualizing complex project data sets using effective presentation techniques so stakeholders can better understand your decisions. Data-informed decision-making skills are essential for modern project managers who must manage their resources and teams to effectively deliver successful outcomes.

By developing these skills, you will be able to demonstrate results and help your team make informed decisions. With a combination of knowledge and practice, you will have the tools to take control of your projects and ensure their success.

Learning Objectives

  • Explain the value of data for a project manager and discuss the common types of project data.
  • Explain how to identify and prioritize the data a project requires to meet business needs.
  • Demonstrate how to analyze data to inform project decision-making.
  • Tell a project’s data-informed story to stakeholders and project team members.
  • Describe what types of visuals and demonstration techniques make an effective and accessible presentation.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: PRIORITIZING AND ANALYZING DATA

1. As a project manager, you collect opinion-based feedback surveys in an effort to improve a product. What do you call this type of data?

  • Key performance indicator (KPI) data
  • Qualitative data (CORRECT)
  • Projection data
  • Quantitative data

Correct: Qualitative data describes subjective qualities or things project managers cannot measure with numerical data.

2. As a project manager, you track the number of open and closed tasks per team member. What do you call this type of data?

  • Quantitative data (CORRECT)
  • Qualitative data
  • Observational data
  • Interview data

Correct: When you track the number of tasks in progress and completed, you are gathering quantitative data. Quantitative data includes statistical and numerical facts.

3. As a project manager, how can you help ensure the privacy of data collected from your users, stakeholders, and others for your projects? Select all that apply.

  • Use security tools. (CORRECT)
  • Increase data privacy awareness. (CORRECT)
  • Anonymize data. (CORRECT)
  • Collect as much data about your users as possible.

Correct: Free security tools, like encrypted storage solutions and password managers, can decrease your project’s vulnerability to a data breach. In many applications, privacy settings can be adjusted to only give access to specific individuals. Increasing the data privacy awareness of those working on your project and anonymizing data can also help you ensure the privacy of the data you collect.

Correct: Make sure every member of your project team—plus vendors, contractors, and other stakeholders from outside of your company—are made aware of your organization’s data security and privacy protocols. You can also help ensure the privacy of the data you collect by using security tools and anonymizing data.

Correct: Data anonymization refers to techniques that help protect individuals’ personal information by keeping them anonymous. Types of data that should be anonymized include names, telephone numbers, social security numbers, email addresses, photographs, and account numbers. Increasing the data privacy awareness of those working on your project and using security tools can also help you ensure the privacy of the data you collect.

4. Fill in the blank: During the _____ step of the data analysis process, you collect and store the data you will analyze.

  • ask
  • prepare (CORRECT)
  • process
  • analyze
  • share
  • act

Correct: During the prepare step, you collect and store the data you will use for the upcoming analysis process.

5. Fill in the blank: _____ is the collection of data in order to draw conclusions and make data-informed decisions.

  • Data investigation
  • Data prediction
  • Data presentation
  • Data analysis (CORRECT)

Correct: Data by itself won’t help make data-informed decisions. A project manager must analyze the data to draw conclusions and make predictions.

6. What are the benefits of using data in project management? Select all that apply.

  • Increase team cohesion
  • Improve processes (CORRECT)
  • Solve problems (CORRECT)
  • Understand performance (CORRECT)
  • Make better decisions (CORRECT)

Correct: A project manager can use data to improve the speed or quality of a process.

Correct: When a project manager is facing a problem, they can rely on data to make an informed decision.

Correct: A project manager can use data to better understand how a product or service performs for customers.

Correct: Whether it’s creating a product or executing a service, data can help a project manager make better decisions.

7. Which productivity metric allows a project manager to predict an outcome based on the information they have now?

  • Milestone
  • Project task
  • Duration
  • Projection (CORRECT)

Correct: Productivity metrics help project managers track the effectiveness and efficiency of a project. A projection metric helps to predict an outcome based on the information the project team has now.

8. In project management, what is a signal?

  • An observable change (CORRECT)
  • A stakeholder communication
  • An adjusted metric
  • A project milestone

Correct: A signal is an observable change. Signals can help you to determine the overall health of your project and identify early signs that something is off.

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: PRESENTING AND VISUALIZING DATA

1. When crafting a story, what is the first step a project manager takes to think like the people they are presenting to and better understand their questions and concerns?

  • Shape the story.
  • Define the audience. (CORRECT)
  • Choose a visual representation.
  • Collect the data.

Correct: The first step a project manager should take to create a data-informed story is to define who they are presenting the information to and their common questions. After defining the audience, they will collect, filter, and analyze the data. Then they will choose a visual representation, shape the story, and gather the feedback.

2. During what storytelling step does a project manager design an infographic or chart to present the data?

  • Choose a visualization representation. (CORRECT)
  • Collect the data.
  • Shape the story.
  • Gather the feedback.

Correct: In the fourth step, a project manager creates a data-informed story that is a visual display of the data. Then, they can tie the data into the visualization to shape the story into a cohesive narrative.

3. During what storytelling step does a project manager vet data for credibility?

  • Choose a visual representation.
  • Filter and analyze the data. (CORRECT)
  • Define the audience.
  • Shape the story.

Correct: Before creating a visual representation, the project manager should ensure the data is accurate and that it applies to the presentation’s goal.

4. When turning data into a story, a project manager first defines their audience. What is the second step?

  • Gather feedback.
  • Shape the story.
  • Choose a visual representation.
  • Collect the data. (CORRECT)

Correct: After defining the audience, a project manager should collect the data that connects to a question they want to answer. Then, they can filter and analyze the data they gathered.

5. In which storytelling step do you consider what you hope to achieve, the points you want to make, and the questions and concerns you want to address?

  • Gather your feedback
  • Collect the data
  • Define your audience
  • Filter and analyze the data
  • Choose a visual representation
  • Shape the story (CORRECT)

Correct: To shape the story, you need to think about what you’re hoping to achieve, the points you want to make, and the questions and concerns you want to address. This is when you tie everything together into a cohesive narrative.

GOOGLE PROJECT MANAGEMENT COURSERA ANSWERS AND STUDY GUIDE

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Project Execution: Running the Project WEEKLY CHALLENGE 3

1. From the project manager perspective, which of the following are benefits of using data? Select all that apply.

  • Solve problems (CORRECT)
  • Increase the project timeline
  • Understand performance (CORRECT)
  • Understand your users (CORRECT)
  • Improve processes (CORRECT)
  • Make better decisions (CORRECT)

Correct!

2. Fill in the blank: A(n) _____ is a quantifiable measurement project managers use to track and assess a business objective.

  • Daily Scrum
  • test
  • survey
  • metric (CORRECT)

3. Which of the following are examples of quality metrics? Select all that apply.

  • tasks
  • cost variance (CORRECT)
  • issues (CORRECT)
  • number of changes (CORRECT)

4. Fill in the blank: A(n) ______ is an observable change that can help project managers determine the overall health of a project.

  • issue
  • signal (CORRECT)
  • milestone
  • risk

5. Fill in the blank: _____ data are statistical and numerical facts about a project.

  • Quantitative (CORRECT)
  • Mathematical
  • Subjective
  • Qualitative

Correct: A program manager supervises groups of projects and focuses on long-term business objectives.

6. Fill in the blank: _____ is the process of turning facts into a narrative to communicate something to your audience.

  • Data analysis
  • Communication
  • Storytelling (CORRECT)
  • Statistics

7. Fill in the blank: _____ is the graphical representation of information to facilitate understanding.

  • Statistics
  • Data visualization (CORRECT)
  • Presentation
  • Storytelling

8. Which of the following are ways you can be flexible during a presentation? Select all that apply.

  • Practice to avoid mistakes that could distract from your message (CORRECT)
  • Limit practicing so you can improvise based upon audience body language
  • Consider the approach you’d take if an unforeseen event shortens your presentation (CORRECT)
  • Imagine and prepare for possible objections (CORRECT)
  • Identify and come up with answers to potential audience questions (CORRECT)

9. As a project manager processing data, you avoid understanding ambiguous data as either positive or negative. This tactic helps avoid which data bias?

  • Sampling bias
  • Interpretation bias (CORRECT)
  • Confirmation bias
  • Observer bias

10. As a project manager analyzing data, you enter your data into a spreadsheet, ensure the data is accurate by removing duplicate responses and inconsistencies, and confirm the data contains no typos or errors. Which data analysis best practice does this represent?

  • Process (CORRECT)
  • Share
  • Ask
  • Prepare
  • Analyze

11. As a project manager creating a story, you ask yourself questions like: “Is the content credible and trustworthy?”, “Are there any data points that skew the information”, and “What content can I eliminate?”. In what storytelling step should you ask these questions?

  • Filter and analyze the data (CORRECT)
  • Choose a visual representation
  • Gather the feedback
  • Define the audience
  • Find the data

12. Imagine you’re preparing a data presentation. To explain your data, you need to compare trends and display changes in the data over a set period of time. Which data visualization tool can help?

  • Line graph (CORRECT)
  • Bar graph
  • Scatter plot
  • Pie chart

13. What is a key performance indicator (KPI)?

  • A measurable value that demonstrates how effective an organization is at achieving key objectives (CORRECT)
  • A type of user interface that provides a snapshot view of a project’s progress or performance
  • A chart that measures the time against the amount of work done and the amount of work remaining
  • A visual representation of information that offers a concise summary of data

Correct: A KPI is a measurable value or metric that demonstrates how effective an organization is at achieving key objectives. KPIs help project teams and stakeholders understand if a project is on the right track.

14. How long should it take an audience to understand a slide?

  • One second
  • Five seconds (CORRECT)
  • 30 seconds

Correct: Aiming for an audience to understand a slide in five seconds helps create a slide that is easy-to-understand.

15. Even if a stakeholder has to leave early, give your presentation exactly as you rehearsed it.

  • True
  • False (CORRECT)

Correct: If a stakeholder has to leave early, you may have to shorten the presentation or rearrange your main points. Prepare and practice before presenting so you can be flexible if an unexpected event requires you to alter it.

16. What should you be most aware of to make your presentations memorable?

  • Presentation end time
  • Body language (CORRECT)
  • Every word in the script

Correct: When presenting, consider your posture, tone of voice, pace, eye contact, facial expressions, and air of confidence.

17. When you create a presentation, what can you do to make it easier for people to read text and decipher images?

  • Use a high-contrast ratio (CORRECT)
  • Fill slides with graphics and text
  • Write in all capital letters
  • Add flashing animations

Correct: A high-contrast ratio makes it easier for people to read text or decipher images. This may help audience members that are sitting far away and those with low vision or color blindness.

18. Fill in the blank: _____ is when the project manager determines how long it will take to complete a project based on resources available.

  • Prediction
  • Projection (CORRECT)
  • Brainstorming
  • Planning

19. Fill in the blank: _____ is the process of collecting and organizing information to help draw conclusions.

  • Documentation
  • Project management
  • Data analysis (CORRECT)
  • Risk analysis

20. What is the third step in storytelling that vets the data for credibility and filters the information?

  • Analyze the data (CORRECT)
  • Choose a visual representation
  • Gather the feedback
  • Shape the story
  • Collect the data
  • Define the audience

21. Fill in the blank: A _____ is a measurable value or metric that demonstrates how effective an organization is at achieving  important objectives.

  • statistic
  • key performance indicator (KPI) (CORRECT)
  • task deadline
  • milestone

22. Which of the following are ways to help you give an effective presentation? Select all that apply.

  • Be forceful
  • Be memorable (CORRECT)
  • Be precise (CORRECT)
  • Be flexible (CORRECT)

23. As a project manager processing data, you avoid using data that isn’t representative of the population. This tactic helps avoid which data bias?

  • Sampling bias (CORRECT)
  • Confirmation bias
  • Interpretation bias
  • Observer bias

24. As a project manager analyzing data, you review, transform, and organize the data you’ve collected. Then, you create graphs with the data to identify patterns and draw conclusions. Which data analysis best practice does this represent?

  • Ask
  • Share
  • Prepare
  • Analyze (CORRECT)
  • Process

25. Imagine you’re preparing a data presentation. To explain your data, you need to demonstrate a relationship between data sets and display values for the data points of two different variables. Which data visualization tool can help?

  • Pie chart
  • Line graph
  • Scatter plot (CORRECT)
  • Bar graph

26. Fill in the blank: _____ is a collection of facts or information.

  • Resources
  • Data (CORRECT)
  • Artifacts
  • Statistics

27. In which two of the following categories can project managers group metrics?

  • Productivity metrics (CORRECT)
  • Documentation metrics
  • Reliability metrics
  • Quality metrics (CORRECT)

28. Fill in the blank: _____ data are qualities or things that you can’t measure with numerical data.

  • Qualitative (CORRECT)
  • Objective
  • Quantitative
  • Client

29. Which of the following include visual representations of data? Select all that apply.

  • Dashboards (CORRECT)
  • statistics
  • infographics (CORRECT)
  • mappings (CORRECT)
  • charts (CORRECT)

30. Which of the following tactics may help you be memorable during a presentation? Select all that apply.

  • Maintain an upright posture with hands at your side. (CORRECT)
  • Elevate the volume of your voice to emphasize key points. (CORRECT)
  • Make eye contact and use friendly facial expressions. (CORRECT)
  • Pace yourself by using intentional pauses. (CORRECT)
  • Confirm the audience has no questions before you start.

31. As a project manager analyzing data, you begin by inquiring about the current state of the problem, the ideal outcome, and the expectations of your stakeholders. Which data analysis best practice does this represent?

  • Ask (CORRECT)
  • Analyze
  • Prepare
  • Share
  • Process

32. As a project manager creating a story, you ask yourself questions like: “Who are you presenting to?,” “What are their problems?,” and “What do they care about?”. In what storytelling step should you ask these questions?

  • Define the audience (CORRECT)
  • Gather the feedback
  • Find the data
  • Shape the story
  • Filter and analyze the data

33. From the project manager perspective, which of the following are benefits of using data? Select all that apply.

  • Improve processes (CORRECT)
  • Understand performance (CORRECT)
  • Increase the project timeline
  • Make better decisions (CORRECT)
  • Solve problems (CORRECT)
  • Understand your users (CORRECT)

34. Which of the following are examples of productivity metrics? Select all that apply.

  • Milestones (CORRECT)
  • Issues
  • Durations (CORRECT)
  • Projections (CORRECT)

35. Fill in the blank: Using a(n) _____ keeps a record of any inconsistencies from the initial requirements of a project.

  • issue log
  • change log (CORRECT)
  • shared drive
  • communication plan

36. As a project manager prioritizing tasks, you need to determine what is most important to your client: meeting a deadline or staying within budget. Which method are you using to determine what data is relevant to your project?

  • Monitoring changes in project metrics
  • Aligning to your stakeholders’ priorities (CORRECT)
  • Identifying and responding to signals
  • Focusing on tasks that have a big impact on the project goa

37. As a project manager creating a story, you ask yourself questions like: “Does the story answer the initial question and demonstrate the solution?”, “Is it original and does it offer a unique point of view?”, and “What is the compelling takeaway for the audience?” In what storytelling step should you ask these questions?

  • Find the data
  • Define the audience
  • Get feedback
  • Shape the story (CORRECT)
  • Filter and analyze the data

38. How do graphs and charts help present data? Select all that apply.

  • Analyze trends and behaviors over set periods of time (CORRECT)
  • Demonstrate the relationships between data sets (CORRECT)
  • Puzzle the audience to think more intensely and remember the data
  • Inform the audience about a new trend or valuable piece of information (CORRECT)
  • Compare values and demonstrate how individual parts contribute to a whole (CORRECT)

39. You need to explain data you’re presenting by demonstrating relationships between data sets. Which data visualization tool can help?

  • Pie chart
  • Line graph
  • Scatter plot (CORRECT)
  • Bar graph

40. As a project manager processing data, you avoid selecting and interpreting data in a way that supports your pre-existing beliefs. This tactic helps avoid which data bias?

  • Interpretation bias
  • Observer bias
  • Sampling bias
  • Confirmation bias (CORRECT)

41. In which of the following categories can project managers group metrics? Select all that apply.

  • Productivity metrics (CORRECT)
  • Quality metrics (CORRECT)

42. What tactics can project managers use to prioritize data? Select all that apply.

  • Set hard deadlines
  •  Prioritize tasks that contribute most to the project goal (CORRECT)
  •  Identify and respond to signals (CORRECT)
  •  Align metrics to stakeholder priorities (CORRECT)

43. Fill in the blank: During your project, you monitor the timelines and efficiency of your team. You collect data on how many tasks they complete, their quality of work, and the time it takes to complete the tasks. All of these are examples of using data to _____.

  • solve problems
  • understand your users
  • reduce budget
  • understand performance (CORRECT)

44. Fill in the blank: A _____ is a measurable value or metric that demonstrates how effective an organization is at achieving important objectives.

  • KPI (CORRECT)

45. As a project manager, you need to determine whether your client is more concerned with meeting a deadline or running over budget. You’re using which method to prioritize tasks?

Aligning to your stakeholders’ priorities (CORRECT)

46. Why should project managers use visual representations of data? Select all that apply.

  • To filter information by directing the audience to the most important data points and insights (CORRECT)
  • To summarize information and condense long ideas and facts into a single image or representation (CORRECT)
  • To manipulate the data so the audience only reviews positive information
  • To help the viewer make sense of and remember the information the project manager presents (CORRECT)

47. As a project manager analyzing data, you create graphs with the data you’ve collected to identify patterns. Which data analysis best practice does this represent?

  • Analyze (CORRECT)

Data-Informed Decision-Making INTRODUCTION

In this week, you learned about different techniques that you can use to manage quality and how to communicate effectively with customers. You also explored continuous improvement and process improvement techniques.

By the end of this course, you will be able to apply these tools and techniques in your own projects to improve processes. If you want to learn more, join now in Coursera.org